Regulation of proenkephalin A gene expression in aggregating fetal rat brain cells.

1. Aggregating fetal rat brain cells express a significant amount of proenkephalin A (PENK) mRNA, a selective radioimmunoassay shows that this mRNA is also translated into enkephalins. 2. Depolarization with potassium chloride (KCl) or veratridine increases the expression of PENK mRNA in a time-dependent fashion, with a maximal increase of sixfold. It is interesting, however, that depolarization of the same cultures with KCl has no effect on the expression of prodynorphin mRNA. 3. An increase in PENK mRNA levels has been also observed in cultures treated with 8-Br-cAMP, phorbol 12-myristate-13-acetate (TPA), or dexamethasone. 4. However, incubation of the cultures with the opioid agonist etorphine or the antagonist naltrexone did not alter PENK gene expression, suggesting that there is not feedback control of opioids on PENK biosynthesis in these cells. 5. The increase in PENK mRNA in depolarized and in TPA-dexamethasone-, or 8-Br-cAMP-treated cultures was not accompanied by a significant increase in the amount of free immunoreactive met-enkephalin. Fetal brain cell cultures are therefore a useful neuronal model system for studying the mechanism that regulated the expression of PENK mRNA.