Janneke C A H Giesen1, Remco C Havermans, Anita Jansen. 1. Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Clinical Psychological Science, Maastricht University, PO Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, the Netherlands. janneke.giesen@maastrichtuniversity.nl
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Prior research demonstrates that fruit/vegetables and sedentary activities can serve as substitutes for high-calorie snack foods, when the behavioral costs for obtaining snack food increase. The current study investigated if fruit/vegetables are better substitutes for snacks than sedentary activities are and whether individual differences in dietary restraint play a role in how snacks are being substituted. DESIGN: Participants (n = 59) performed a concurrent schedules task, in which fruit/vegetables, sedentary activities, and snacks were simultaneously available. The response requirement for earning snacks increased per trial. Afterward, dietary restraint was measured. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The amount of responses for snacks per trial and the amount of points earned for fruit/vegetables and sedentary activity per trial. RESULTS: When snacks are harder to obtain, participants increased working for both fruit/vegetables and sedentary activities. No differences were found for dietary restraint in the way snacks were substituted. However, high-restrained participants worked harder for snack foods than low-restrained participants. CONCLUSION: Fruit/vegetables and sedentary activities are both equally viable substitutes for high-calorie snacks. High-calorie snacks have a higher reinforcing value for highly restrained eaters. Copyright 2010 APA, all rights reserved.
OBJECTIVE: Prior research demonstrates that fruit/vegetables and sedentary activities can serve as substitutes for high-calorie snack foods, when the behavioral costs for obtaining snack food increase. The current study investigated if fruit/vegetables are better substitutes for snacks than sedentary activities are and whether individual differences in dietary restraint play a role in how snacks are being substituted. DESIGN:Participants (n = 59) performed a concurrent schedules task, in which fruit/vegetables, sedentary activities, and snacks were simultaneously available. The response requirement for earning snacks increased per trial. Afterward, dietary restraint was measured. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The amount of responses for snacks per trial and the amount of points earned for fruit/vegetables and sedentary activity per trial. RESULTS: When snacks are harder to obtain, participants increased working for both fruit/vegetables and sedentary activities. No differences were found for dietary restraint in the way snacks were substituted. However, high-restrained participants worked harder for snack foods than low-restrained participants. CONCLUSION: Fruit/vegetables and sedentary activities are both equally viable substitutes for high-calorie snacks. High-calorie snacks have a higher reinforcing value for highly restrained eaters. Copyright 2010 APA, all rights reserved.
Authors: L Vervoort; A Clauwaert; L Vandeweghe; J Vangeel; W Van Lippevelde; L Goossens; L Huybregts; C Lachat; S Eggermont; K Beullens; C Braet; N De Cock Journal: Eur J Nutr Date: 2016-08-25 Impact factor: 5.614