Lymphotoxin beta receptor signaling in intestinal epithelial cells orchestrates innate immune responses against mucosal bacterial infection.

Epithelial cells provide the first line of defense against mucosal pathogens; however, their coordination with innate and adaptive immune cells is not well understood. Using mice with conditional gene deficiencies, we found that lymphotoxin (LT) from innate cells expressing transcription factor RORgammat, but not from adaptive T and B cells, was essential for the control of mucosal C. rodentium infection. We demonstrate that the LTbetaR signaling was required for the regulation of the early innate response against infection. Furthermore, we have revealed that LTbetaR signals in gut epithelial cells and hematopoietic-derived cells coordinate to protect the host from infection. We further determined that LTbetaR signaling in intestinal epithelial cells was required for recruitment of neutrophils to the infection site early during infection via production of CXCL1 and CXCL2 chemokines. These results support a model wherein LT from RORgammat(+) cells orchestrates the innate immune response against mucosal microbial infection.