Enhancing subject recruitment for nursing research.

Nursing research most often requires human subjects. Consequently, an essential component in planning and conducting research entails recruitment of subjects who knowledgeably consent to participate. A well-established theoretical base exists regarding sampling techniques and procedures for research methods. The operationalization of the theory into practical terms may be of interest to the clinical nurse specialist (CNS) who frequently assumes a leadership role to both conduct nursing research in practice settings and to advise other nurses interested in conducting research. The recruitment efforts in four different nursing studies were compared and contrasted in an effort to determine effective and efficient approaches to this issue. Sample populations included nurse practitioners, patients, nurse aides, and nurse educators. Methods of recruitment included direct contact, mail, and telephone contact. While the settings, purposes, and designs of the studies varied, some common elements regarding subject recruitment were suggested. The recruitment methods have been described, along with the implication in terms of practical application for conduct of nursing research by CNSs.