OBJECTIVE: To explore the involvement of variable number tandem repeat (VNTR) polymorphisms in the monoamine oxidase A (MAOA) promoter and exon 3 of the dopamine D4 receptor (DRD4) gene in heroin addiction modulate the vulnerability of individuals to heroin addiction. METHODS: Eight hundred and ninety-four male heroin addicts without other psychiatric disorders, were recruited as subjects. Another community 180 males were selected randomly as controls. RESULTS: The geno-distribution of the DRD4 exon 3 VNTR polymorphism in controls was in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWEchi(2)=0.925), but the distribution in heroin addicts was not (HWEchi(2)=28.35). The long-repeat alleles of the DRD4 exon 3 VNTR polymorphism were found more frequently in the heroin addicts (P=0.019). However, the long-repeat alleles of the MAOA promoter VNTR polymorphism were not (P=0.828). No interaction between these two VNTR polymorphisms was found by using multiple logistic regression analysis (P=0.261). CONCLUSION: The long-repeat allelic variants (>4-repeats) and 2-repeat allele of the DRD4 exon 3 VNTR polymorphism might be risk alleles for individual vulnerability to heroin addiction in Chinese men, but the MAOA promoter VNTR polymorphism does not mean that the partial dominant inherited mode might involved in the genetics of heroin dependence.
OBJECTIVE: To explore the involvement of variable number tandem repeat (VNTR) polymorphisms in the monoamine oxidase A (MAOA) promoter and exon 3 of the dopamine D4 receptor (DRD4) gene in heroin addiction modulate the vulnerability of individuals to heroin addiction. METHODS: Eight hundred and ninety-four male heroin addicts without other psychiatric disorders, were recruited as subjects. Another community 180 males were selected randomly as controls. RESULTS: The geno-distribution of the DRD4 exon 3 VNTR polymorphism in controls was in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWEchi(2)=0.925), but the distribution in heroin addicts was not (HWEchi(2)=28.35). The long-repeat alleles of the DRD4 exon 3 VNTR polymorphism were found more frequently in the heroin addicts (P=0.019). However, the long-repeat alleles of the MAOA promoter VNTR polymorphism were not (P=0.828). No interaction between these two VNTR polymorphisms was found by using multiple logistic regression analysis (P=0.261). CONCLUSION: The long-repeat allelic variants (>4-repeats) and 2-repeat allele of the DRD4 exon 3 VNTR polymorphism might be risk alleles for individual vulnerability to heroin addiction in Chinese men, but the MAOA promoter VNTR polymorphism does not mean that the partial dominant inherited mode might involved in the genetics of heroin dependence.
Authors: Yijin Yan; Abhiram Pushparaj; Yann Le Strat; Islam Gamaleddin; Chanel Barnes; Zuzana Justinova; Steven R Goldberg; Bernard Le Foll Journal: Neuropsychopharmacology Date: 2011-10-26 Impact factor: 7.853
Authors: Anderson R Stolf; Renata B Cupertino; Diana Müller; Breno Sanvicente-Vieira; Tatiana Roman; Eduardo S Vitola; Eugenio H Grevet; Lisia von Diemen; Felix H P Kessler; Rodrigo Grassi-Oliveira; Claiton H D Bau; Diego L Rovaris; Flavio Pechansky; Jaqueline B Schuch Journal: J Neural Transm (Vienna) Date: 2018-10-26 Impact factor: 3.575
Authors: Andrea Vereczkei; Zsolt Demetrovics; Anna Szekely; Peter Sarkozy; Peter Antal; Agnes Szilagyi; Maria Sasvari-Szekely; Csaba Barta Journal: PLoS One Date: 2013-06-28 Impact factor: 3.240