Biotransformation of organic-rich copper-bearing black shale by indigenous microorganisms isolated from lubin copper mine (Poland).

The role of indigenous microorganisms in the biotransformation of refractory organic-rich copper-bearing black shale ore (Kupferschiefer) was confirmed in laboratory experiments. The persistent shale's organic matter was utilized by a mixture of bacterial strains as the sole carbon and energy source, and bacterial growth was accompanied by chemical and structural changes of black shale. The release of metallic elements and organic compounds into the aqueous phase was shown. Chemical analysis revealed the presence of long-chain aliphatic hydrocarbons and further biodegradation of these compounds by bacterial action. In this study, the release of metals from metalloorganic compounds present in organic-rich copper-bearing black shale was shown for the first time. The results have also confirmed the biotransformation of metalloporphyrins naturally occurring in black shale by indigenous microorganisms. Moreover, changes in the surface area and quantitative mineral composition of black shale were detected following bacterial treatment. This biotransformation activity is of potential use in biotechnological procedures for the recovery of copper and other valuable metals from tailings that contain up to 16% black shale. On the other hand, the release of organic carbon and heavy metals from black shale by biodegradation may significantly add to anthropogenic pollution.