OBJECTIVES: To describe temporal trends in concordance, sensitivity, and specificity and to explore demographic trends in concordance in two outpatient treatment studies for cocaine dependence. METHODS: We obtained 2229 urine drug screens from 129 individuals, along with accompanying self-use reports. Paired self-use reports and urine drug screens were considered concordant if the two measures of cocaine use were in agreement. The sensitivity and specificity of the self-use reports in predicting the urine drug screen was also estimated. To model concordance, sensitivity, and specificity as a function of time, generalized estimating equations were used. Demographic effects on concordance among subjects who achieved 100% concordance and subjects who achieved a recently proposed 70% concordance threshold were tested. RESULTS: Over the course of our studies, both sensitivity and concordance statistically decreased, yet specificity remained relatively constant. Median concordance for all subjects was 88%. Among all subjects, concordance varied significantly by gender, with females achieving significantly higher concordance than males (96% vs. 86%). Similarly, females were almost twice as likely to achieve 100% concordance as males (42% vs. 22%). Finally, 80% of participants achieved the 70% concordance threshold, and no differences among demographic groups with regards to the 70% concordance threshold were observed. CONCLUSIONS: Temporal effects of concordance and sensitivity may have profound repercussions when using self-use reports to gauge efficacy of an experimental intervention. Furthermore, gender may differentially affect concordance. Finally, a substance abuse outcome measure that reliably combines objective and self-report data is promising, but further research is needed.
OBJECTIVES: To describe temporal trends in concordance, sensitivity, and specificity and to explore demographic trends in concordance in two outpatient treatment studies for cocaine dependence. METHODS: We obtained 2229 urine drug screens from 129 individuals, along with accompanying self-use reports. Paired self-use reports and urine drug screens were considered concordant if the two measures of cocaine use were in agreement. The sensitivity and specificity of the self-use reports in predicting the urine drug screen was also estimated. To model concordance, sensitivity, and specificity as a function of time, generalized estimating equations were used. Demographic effects on concordance among subjects who achieved 100% concordance and subjects who achieved a recently proposed 70% concordance threshold were tested. RESULTS: Over the course of our studies, both sensitivity and concordance statistically decreased, yet specificity remained relatively constant. Median concordance for all subjects was 88%. Among all subjects, concordance varied significantly by gender, with females achieving significantly higher concordance than males (96% vs. 86%). Similarly, females were almost twice as likely to achieve 100% concordance as males (42% vs. 22%). Finally, 80% of participants achieved the 70% concordance threshold, and no differences among demographic groups with regards to the 70% concordance threshold were observed. CONCLUSIONS: Temporal effects of concordance and sensitivity may have profound repercussions when using self-use reports to gauge efficacy of an experimental intervention. Furthermore, gender may differentially affect concordance. Finally, a substance abuse outcome measure that reliably combines objective and self-report data is promising, but further research is needed.
Authors: William V Lechner; Alayna P Tackett; DeMond M Grant; Noor N Tahirkheli; Leslie M Driskill; Theodore L Wagener Journal: Nicotine Tob Res Date: 2014-05-13 Impact factor: 4.244
Authors: C Brendan Clark; Jeffrey A Swails; Karen A Akao; Heidi M Pontinen; Karen L Cropsey Journal: Addict Behav Date: 2018-02-16 Impact factor: 3.913
Authors: E Yvette Hilario; Margaret L Griffin; R Kathryn McHugh; Katherine A McDermott; Hilary S Connery; Garrett M Fitzmaurice; Roger D Weiss Journal: J Subst Abuse Treat Date: 2014-07-18
Authors: Michael G McDonell; Meredith C Graves; Imara I West; Richard K Ries; Dennis M Donovan; Kristin Bumgardner; Antoinette Krupski; Chris Dunn; Charles Maynard; David C Atkins; Peter Roy-Byrne Journal: J Addict Med Date: 2016 May-Jun Impact factor: 3.702
Authors: Jeffrey E Korte; Kathryn M Magruder; Codruta C Chiuzan; Sarah L Logan; Therese Killeen; Dipankar Bandyopadhyay; Kathleen T Brady Journal: Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse Date: 2011-09 Impact factor: 3.829
Authors: Dennis M Donovan; George E Bigelow; Gregory S Brigham; Kathleen M Carroll; Allan J Cohen; John G Gardin; John A Hamilton; Marilyn A Huestis; John R Hughes; Robert Lindblad; G Alan Marlatt; Kenzie L Preston; Jeffrey A Selzer; Eugene C Somoza; Paul G Wakim; Elizabeth A Wells Journal: Addiction Date: 2011-07-22 Impact factor: 6.526
Authors: Kathleen M Carroll; Brian D Kiluk; Charla Nich; Elise E DeVito; Suzanne Decker; Donna LaPaglia; Dianne Duffey; Theresa A Babuscio; Samuel A Ball Journal: Drug Alcohol Depend Date: 2014-01-31 Impact factor: 4.492