Corneal dystrophies among patients undergoing keratoplasty in Saudi Arabia.

Diseases leading to corneal opacities are inflammations, infections, metabolic causes, trauma, or genetically determined diseases. Corneal dystrophies may lead to corneal blindness. A clinical and pathological review of 2,108 corneal specimens received from December 1983 to January 1988 revealed 86 (4%) corneal specimens with corneal dystrophies. Fifty-three (62%) patients had macular dystrophy, 11 (13%) had congenital hereditary endothelial dystrophy (CHED), 12 (14%) had Fuchs' corneal dystrophy, 5 (6%) had lattice corneal dystrophy, and 3 (4%) had granular dystrophy. Macular dystrophy appears to be the most common cause of corneal dystrophy in Saudi Arabia. Twenty-two (42%) patients with macular dystrophy and 10 (91%) patients with CHED were the result of consanguineous marriages. Genetic counseling is advisable among families who carry the trait of CHED or macular corneal dystrophy.