Proteomic analysis of tumor necrosis factor-alpha-induced secretome of human adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells.

Human adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hASCs) are useful for regeneration of inflamed or injured tissues. To identify secreted hASC proteins during inflammation, hASCs were exposed to tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and conditioned media derived from hASCs were analyzed by liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. We identified 187 individual proteins as secreted proteins (secretome) in hASC-conditioned media; 118 proteins were secreted at higher levels upon TNF-alpha treatment. The TNF-alpha-induced secretome included a variety of cytokines and chemokines such as interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-8, chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 6, and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1). TNF-alpha also increased expression of various proteases including cathepsin L, matrix metalloproteases and protease inhibitors, and induced secretion of long pentraxin 3, a key inflammatory mediator implicated in innate immunity. TNF-alpha-conditioned media stimulated migration of human monocytes, which play a key role in inflammatory responses. This migration was abrogated by pretreatment with neutralizing anti-IL-6, anti-IL-8, and anti-MCP-1 antibodies, suggesting that IL-6, IL-8, and MCP-1 are involved in migration of monocytes. Taken together, these results suggest that TNF-alpha-induced secretome may play a pivotal role in inflammatory responses and that shotgun proteomic analysis will be useful for elucidation of the paracrine functions of mesenchymal stem cells.