Ion transport in nanofluidic channels.

In this tutorial review, recent developments in modeling and experimental studies on nanofludics were reported. Nanofluidic studies were categorized into two groups depending on the characteristic length scale. When the size of the nanochannels and pores is 5-100 nm, electrostatic interactions are dominant, and ion and fluid flow can be analyzed by continuum dynamics. Various nanofluidic devices were proposed to manipulate aqueous solutions and biomolecules at the nanoscale. The successful development of such systems has major implications for technologies focusing on water purification and processing of complex biological solutions. When the size is less than 5 nm, steric interactions and hydration affect ion and fluid flow, which is analyzed by stochastic and/or molecular dynamics.