Genetic screening: a conceptual framework for programmes and policy-making.

OBJECTIVE: Policy-makers are faced with increasing pressures from a range of different stakeholders to introduce or expand genetic screening programmes. A shared understanding is therefore needed of the many factors influencing these complex policy decisions. Our aim was to develop a theoretical framework that highlights the multiple components and influences involved in genetic screening and the policy-making process.
METHODS: As part of a larger research programme, existing policy frameworks relating to genetic screening were identified through a review of the literature. Major themes were identified and synthesized into an overarching framework, which was further refined through discussions with key informants.
RESULTS: The framework consists of three parts. The first part conceptualizes genetic screening as an integrated public health programme. The second part describes the policy-making process at each stage in the life cycle of the programme. The third part depicts the broader context within which policy-making occurs.
CONCLUSION: This framework can support policy-makers by fostering a common understanding and facilitating dialogue with stakeholders. The framework has also been used as the conceptual foundation for the development of a more elaborate decision-guide.