Spatial memory in dogs (Canis familiaris) on a radial maze.

Working spatial memory in dogs (Canis familiaris) was tested in Experiments 1 and 2 on an 8-arm radial maze. When dogs chose freely among all 8 arms containing food in Experiment 1, they learned to enter all 8 arms with progressively fewer arm visits over trials. In Experiment 2, 2 groups of dogs were forced to visit 4 randomly chosen arms on the maze and then tested for memory of these arm visits using a win-shift rule for 1 group and a win-stay rule for the other group. Dogs performed better with the win-shift rule than with the win-stay rule. In Experiment 3, reference memory was investigated by using a 4-arm maze on which 0, 1, 3, and 6 pieces of food were consistently placed on different arms. Dogs learned to visit the arms with the larger amounts before the arms with the smaller amounts. Dogs' memory capacity in these studies was found to be surprisingly low.