BACKGROUND: Cholangiocarcinoma (CC) is associated with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. We investigated the effect of hepatitis C virus core protein (HCVc) on epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in CC and tried to identify its target trigger. METHODS: First, we examined expression of HCVc and epithelial and mesenchymal markers in CC tissues. Then we transient-transfected HCVc gene into a CC cell line and examined expression of lysyl oxidase-like 2 (LOXL2) and epithelial and mesenchymal markers by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Western blotting. Finally, LOXL2 gene silencing was shown in QBC939/HCVc cells by RNA interference (RNAi), and we further examined expression of epithelial and mesenchymal markers by quantitative real-time PCR and Western blotting. RESULTS: Through immunohistochemical staining, the present study showed that HCVc is significantly associated with CC invasion and metastasis. In vitro study showed that HCVc expression induces EMT in CC cell line QBC939, and a mechanism through LOXL2 pathway is suggested. Expression of HCVc was significantly correlated with greater migratory and invasive potential of CC cells. CONCLUSIONS: These observations indicate that HCVc plays a critical role in promoting invasion and metastasis of CC cells.
BACKGROUND:Cholangiocarcinoma (CC) is associated with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. We investigated the effect of hepatitis C virus core protein (HCVc) on epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in CC and tried to identify its target trigger. METHODS: First, we examined expression of HCVc and epithelial and mesenchymal markers in CC tissues. Then we transient-transfected HCVc gene into a CC cell line and examined expression of lysyl oxidase-like 2 (LOXL2) and epithelial and mesenchymal markers by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Western blotting. Finally, LOXL2 gene silencing was shown in QBC939/HCVc cells by RNA interference (RNAi), and we further examined expression of epithelial and mesenchymal markers by quantitative real-time PCR and Western blotting. RESULTS: Through immunohistochemical staining, the present study showed that HCVc is significantly associated with CC invasion and metastasis. In vitro study showed that HCVc expression induces EMT in CC cell line QBC939, and a mechanism through LOXL2 pathway is suggested. Expression of HCVc was significantly correlated with greater migratory and invasive potential of CC cells. CONCLUSIONS: These observations indicate that HCVc plays a critical role in promoting invasion and metastasis of CC cells.
Authors: Carlo Mischiati; Blendi Ura; Leda Roncoroni; Luca Elli; Carlo Cervellati; Monica Squerzanti; Dario Conte; Luisa Doneda; Patrizia Polverino de Laureto; Giorgia de Franceschi; Roberta Calza; Carlos A Barrero; Salim Merali; Carlo Ferrari; Carlo M Bergamini; Enzo Agostinelli Journal: PLoS One Date: 2015-03-10 Impact factor: 3.240