Risk factors in community-acquired urinary tract infections caused by ESBL-producing bacteria in children.

In this study, risk factors were investigated in children with community-acquired urinary tract infections (UTI) caused by extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL)-producing E. coli or Klebsiella spp. One hundred and fifty-five patients were diagnosed with ESBL-positive UTI (case group) in the outpatient clinics of Hacettepe University Children's Hospital between 1 January 2004 and 31 December 2006. A control group, 155 out of 4,105 children, was matched by age and sex among children with ESBL-negative UTI. A total of 310 patients' files were evaluated retrospectively. As regards the symptoms of UTI, no statistical differences were seen between the two groups. Although the most frequently isolated microorganism was E. coli in both groups, Klebsiella spp. was found to be more frequent in those diagnosed with ESBL(+) UTI (p < 0.001). Having an underlying disease and hospitalization, infections, and use of antibiotics within the last 3 months were found to be potential risk factors (p < 0.001). With conditional logistic regression analysis, having an underlying disease and hospitalization within the last 3 months were identified as independent risk factors for ESBL(+) UTI. In conclusion, the recognition of risk factors for UTI, caused by ESBL(+) bacteria in children, may aid in the identification of high-risk cases and may enable proper management of these patients.