AIM: This study investigated the reliability and validity of the Barry-Albright Dystonia Scale (BADS), the Burke-Fahn-Marsden Movement Scale (BFMMS), and the Unified Dystonia Rating Scale (UDRS) in patients with bilateral dystonic cerebral palsy (CP). METHOD: Three raters independently scored videotapes of 10 patients (five males, five females; mean age 13 y 3 mo, SD 5 y 2 mo, range 5-22 y). One patient each was classified at levels I-IV in the Gross Motor Function Classification System and six patients were classified at level V. Reliability was measured by (1) intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) for interrater reliability, (2) standard error of measurement (SEM) and smallest detectable difference (SDD), and (3) Cronbach's alpha for internal consistency. Validity was assessed by Pearson's correlations among the three scales used and by content analysis. RESULTS: Moderate to good interrater reliability was found for total scores of the three scales (ICC: BADS=0.87; BFMMS=0.86; UDRS=0.79). However, many subitems showed low reliability, in particular for the UDRS. SEM and SDD were respectively 6.36% and 17.72% for the BADS, 9.88% and 27.39% for the BFMMS, and 8.89% and 24.63% for the UDRS. High internal consistency was found. Pearson's correlations were high. Content validity showed insufficient accordance with the new CP definition and classification. INTERPRETATION: Our results support the internal consistency and concurrent validity of the scales; however, taking into consideration the limitations in reliability, including the large SDD values and the content validity, further research on methods of assessment of dystonia is warranted.
AIM: This study investigated the reliability and validity of the Barry-Albright Dystonia Scale (BADS), the Burke-Fahn-Marsden Movement Scale (BFMMS), and the Unified Dystonia Rating Scale (UDRS) in patients with bilateral dystonic cerebral palsy (CP). METHOD: Three raters independently scored videotapes of 10 patients (five males, five females; mean age 13 y 3 mo, SD 5 y 2 mo, range 5-22 y). One patient each was classified at levels I-IV in the Gross Motor Function Classification System and six patients were classified at level V. Reliability was measured by (1) intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) for interrater reliability, (2) standard error of measurement (SEM) and smallest detectable difference (SDD), and (3) Cronbach's alpha for internal consistency. Validity was assessed by Pearson's correlations among the three scales used and by content analysis. RESULTS: Moderate to good interrater reliability was found for total scores of the three scales (ICC: BADS=0.87; BFMMS=0.86; UDRS=0.79). However, many subitems showed low reliability, in particular for the UDRS. SEM and SDD were respectively 6.36% and 17.72% for the BADS, 9.88% and 27.39% for the BFMMS, and 8.89% and 24.63% for the UDRS. High internal consistency was found. Pearson's correlations were high. Content validity showed insufficient accordance with the new CP definition and classification. INTERPRETATION: Our results support the internal consistency and concurrent validity of the scales; however, taking into consideration the limitations in reliability, including the large SDD values and the content validity, further research on methods of assessment of dystonia is warranted.
Authors: Nikolas Boy; Chris Mühlhausen; Esther M Maier; Jana Heringer; Birgit Assmann; Peter Burgard; Marjorie Dixon; Sandra Fleissner; Cheryl R Greenberg; Inga Harting; Georg F Hoffmann; Daniela Karall; David M Koeller; Michael B Krawinkel; Jürgen G Okun; Thomas Opladen; Roland Posset; Katja Sahm; Johannes Zschocke; Stefan Kölker Journal: J Inherit Metab Dis Date: 2016-11-16 Impact factor: 4.982
Authors: Stefan Kölker; Ernst Christensen; James V Leonard; Cheryl R Greenberg; Avihu Boneh; Alberto B Burlina; Alessandro P Burlina; Marjorie Dixon; Marinus Duran; Angels García Cazorla; Stephen I Goodman; David M Koeller; Mårten Kyllerman; Chris Mühlhausen; Edith Müller; Jürgen G Okun; Bridget Wilcken; Georg F Hoffmann; Peter Burgard Journal: J Inherit Metab Dis Date: 2011-03-23 Impact factor: 4.982
Authors: Corina N A M van den Heuvel; Marina A J Tijssen; Bart P C van de Warrenburg; Cathérine C S Delnooz Journal: Mov Disord Clin Pract Date: 2016-08-03
Authors: Randall D Marshall; Abigail Collins; Maria L Escolar; H A Jinnah; Thomas Klopstock; Michael C Kruer; Aleksandar Videnovic; Amy Robichaux-Viehoever; Laura Swett; Dennis A Revicki; Randall H Bender; William R Lenderking Journal: Mov Disord Clin Pract Date: 2019-01-22
Authors: Helga Haberfehlner; Laura A Bonouvrié; Karin Boeschoten; Sabine Fleuren; Elegast Monbaliu; Jules G Becher; R Jeroen Vermeulen; Annemieke I Buizer Journal: Dev Med Child Neurol Date: 2019-11-29 Impact factor: 5.449