Substitution-controlled ultrafast excited-state processes in Ru-dppz-derivatives.

Ru-dppz (dppz = dipyrido[3,2-a:2',3,3'-c]phenazine) complexes play an important role as environmentally sensitive luminescence sensors and building blocks for larger supramolecular compounds. Their photophysical properties are known to be highly sensitive to intermolecular solvent-solute interactions and solvent bulk-properties. Here, the synthesis and characterisation of a novel Ru-dppz derivative is reported. The potential of drastically tuning the photophysical properties of such complexes is exemplified, by introducing very simple structural modifications, namely bromine, into the dppz-ligand scaffold. The photophysics i.e. nature of excited states and the excited-state relaxation pathway of the various complexes has been investigated by means of electrochemical measurements, steady-state emission experiments and femtosecond time-resolved spectroscopy. It could be shown that the location of bromine substitution influences the relative energy between a luminescent and a non-luminescent metal-to-ligand charge-transfer state and therefore quenches or facilitates transitions between both. Hence it is illustrated that the luminescent properties and the underlying ultrafast excited-state dynamics of the complexes can be controlled by structural variations, i.e. by intramolecular interactions as opposed to changes in the intermolecular interactions.