Rupture of the pectoralis major muscle: diagnosis and treatment.

Correct diagnosis of complete or partial ruptures of the pectoralis major muscle complex is important because of the muscle's vital role in shoulder function. Three case reports are used here to support a discussion of diagnosis and treatment. The diagnosis can usually be made with a history and physical exam, but magnetic resonance imaging can help pinpoint the site of a tear. Nonoperative treatment is generally preferred for partial tears; operative treatment may be necessary to restore full function in complete tears. Rehabilitation involves a gradual progression from pendulum exercises to range-of-motion exercises to strengthening, and patients can usually return to full activity in 3 to 6 months.