INTRODUCTION: Recanalisation rates (20-32%) 1-3 years after truncal vein foam sclerotherapy (FS) suggest thrombotic occlusion rather than irreversible vein wall injury. This study examines the injury inflicted by sodium tetradecyl sulphate (STD) foam before and after balloon endothelial denudation (BD). METHODS: In 20 patients undergoing great saphenous vein (GSV) stripping 1.5 cm proximal GSV were harvested (controls). The next 1.5 cm were harvested after in situ BD (n = 10) or no denudation (n = 10). These test segments were filled with 1% or 3% STD foam (5 min), flushed and fixed in formalin. Percentage endothelial cell loss (ECL) and tunica media injury were determined (H&E staining) and collagen structure assessed (transmission electron microscopy, TEM). RESULTS: Controls showed no injury. 1% and 3% STD foam caused 86.3% and 92.2% ECL (p < 0.001 versus controls; 1% versus 3%, p = 0.55). Endothelial cells persisted in all sections. BD increased ECL (1%: 96.9%, 3%: 98.1%, p = 0.01) Tunica media injury (smooth muscle vacuolation) was minimal (8.9% (1% STD) and 12% (3% STD) of its depth) and not enhanced by BD (1%: 8.7%, p = 0.93; 3%: 11.3%; p = 0.86). No collagen disruption occurred (TEM). CONCLUSIONS: Balloon denudation increased ECL but did not facilitate tunica media injury. Equivalent injury was inflicted by 1% and 3% STD. Copyright 2009 European Society for Vascular Surgery. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
INTRODUCTION: Recanalisation rates (20-32%) 1-3 years after truncal vein foam sclerotherapy (FS) suggest thrombotic occlusion rather than irreversible vein wall injury. This study examines the injury inflicted by sodium tetradecyl sulphate (STD) foam before and after balloon endothelial denudation (BD). METHODS: In 20 patients undergoing great saphenous vein (GSV) stripping 1.5 cm proximal GSV were harvested (controls). The next 1.5 cm were harvested after in situ BD (n = 10) or no denudation (n = 10). These test segments were filled with 1% or 3% STD foam (5 min), flushed and fixed in formalin. Percentage endothelial cell loss (ECL) and tunica media injury were determined (H&E staining) and collagen structure assessed (transmission electron microscopy, TEM). RESULTS: Controls showed no injury. 1% and 3% STD foam caused 86.3% and 92.2% ECL (p < 0.001 versus controls; 1% versus 3%, p = 0.55). Endothelial cells persisted in all sections. BD increased ECL (1%: 96.9%, 3%: 98.1%, p = 0.01) Tunica media injury (smooth muscle vacuolation) was minimal (8.9% (1% STD) and 12% (3% STD) of its depth) and not enhanced by BD (1%: 8.7%, p = 0.93; 3%: 11.3%; p = 0.86). No collagen disruption occurred (TEM). CONCLUSIONS: Balloon denudation increased ECL but did not facilitate tunica media injury. Equivalent injury was inflicted by 1% and 3% STD. Copyright 2009 European Society for Vascular Surgery. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Authors: Hong Suk Park; Young Soo Do; Kwang Bo Park; Keon-Ha Kim; Sook Young Woo; Sin-Ho Jung; Dong-Ik Kim; Young Wook Kim; Dongho Hyun; Sung Ki Cho; In Wook Choo Journal: Eur Radiol Date: 2015-08-26 Impact factor: 5.315
Authors: Elisabetta Bottaro; Jemma A J Paterson; Luciano Quercia; Xunli Zhang; Martyn Hill; Venisha A Patel; Stephen A Jones; Andrew L Lewis; Timothy M Millar; Dario Carugo Journal: Sci Rep Date: 2019-07-08 Impact factor: 4.379