Preparing research instruments for use with different cultures.

There is a growing requirement to use standardised instruments for collecting research data and monitoring patient progress. Two sets of properties should be addressed when selecting and adapting research instruments: psychometric properties (validity, appropriateness, reliability, and responsiveness) and clinical properties (feasibility and acceptability of the instrument). This paper outlines steps necessary to fulfil these requirements when using a research instrument in different cultures. Copyright 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.