Hepatic resection: an analysis of the impact of operative and perioperative factors on morbidity and mortality rates in 2008 consecutive hepatectomy cases.

BACKGROUND: Hepatectomy is a standard hepatic surgical technique. The safety of hepatectomy has been improved in line with improvements in surgical techniques. This study analyzed the operative and perioperative factors associated with hepatectomy.
METHODS: A total of 2008 patients who underwent consecutive hepatectomies between January 1986 and December 2005 were investigated retrospectively. Diagnoses were made based on pathological findings.
RESULTS: Malignant and benign liver diseases accounted for 58.5% and 41.2%, respectively, of the conditions requiring resections. Primary liver cancers accounted for 76.1% of the malignant tumors, while hilar cholangiocarcinomas accounted for 6.7%. Hemangiomas (41.7%) and hepatolithiasis (29.6%) were the most common of the benign conditions. Microwave in-line coagulation was used in 236 of our liver resection cases. The overall postoperative complication rate was 14.44%, of which 12.54% of resections were performed for primary liver cancer, 16.40% for secondary liver cancer, and 16.32% for hepatolithiasis. The overall hospital mortality was 0.55%, and that for malignant liver disease was 0.51%. A high mortality (2.53%) was associated with extensive liver resections for hilar cholangiocarcinomas (two deaths in 79 cases). Microwave in-line pre-coagulation resection, Child-Pugh grading, operating time, postoperative length of stay, and preoperative serum albumin level were independent predictors of morbidity. Blood loss, Child-Pugh grading, operating time and preoperative serum albumin level were independent predictors of mortality.
CONCLUSIONS: Hepatectomy can be performed safely with low morbidity and mortality, provided that it is carried out with optimal perioperative management and innovative surgical techniques.