Natasha B Halasa1. 1. Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Monroe Carell Jr. Children's Hospital at Vanderbilt, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 1161 21st Avenue South, D-7235 Medical Center North, Nashville, TN 37232-2581, USA. Natasha.halasa@vanderbilt.edu
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: To provide an updated review of the epidemiology, clinical presentations, and outcomes of the 2009 pandemic influenza A H1N1 in children. RECENT FINDINGS: The majority of cases of 2009 pandemic influenza A H1N1 in children have been mild. However, neurological complications, hospitalization, and even deaths have been reported in children. Death and severe illnesses have mostly occurred in children below 5 years of age and children with high-risk conditions. Coinfections with bacteria have also been reported. Most strains are sensitive to oseltamivir and all to zanamivir. SUMMARY: Even though the majority of cases of 2009 pandemic influenza A H1N1 are mild, severe disease does occur in children. In addition, neurological complications and coinfection with bacteria exist. Treatment with antiviral medications should be initiated within 48 h to be most effective. When pandemic H1N1 vaccines become available, the safety and efficacy of these vaccines in this vulnerable population will be important to document.
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: To provide an updated review of the epidemiology, clinical presentations, and outcomes of the 2009 pandemic influenza A H1N1 in children. RECENT FINDINGS: The majority of cases of 2009 pandemic influenza A H1N1 in children have been mild. However, neurological complications, hospitalization, and even deaths have been reported in children. Death and severe illnesses have mostly occurred in children below 5 years of age and children with high-risk conditions. Coinfections with bacteria have also been reported. Most strains are sensitive to oseltamivir and all to zanamivir. SUMMARY: Even though the majority of cases of 2009 pandemic influenza A H1N1 are mild, severe disease does occur in children. In addition, neurological complications and coinfection with bacteria exist. Treatment with antiviral medications should be initiated within 48 h to be most effective. When pandemic H1N1 vaccines become available, the safety and efficacy of these vaccines in this vulnerable population will be important to document.
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