BACKGROUND: Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (anti-NMDAR) encephalitis has been recently reported as autoimmune/paraneoplastic encephalitis, affecting mostly young females. OBJECTIVE: To describe opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome in association with anti-NMDAR antibodies. DESIGN: Case report. SETTING: Geneva University Hospital. Patient A 23-year-old woman with opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome. RESULTS: Two weeks after an episode of gastroenteritis, the patient developed symptoms of depression associated with psychomotor slowing, progressive gait instability, and opsoclonus-myoclonus. Cerebrospinal fluid examination showed mild lymphocytic pleocytosis and intrathecal IgG synthesis with oligoclonal bands. The patient's condition worsened rapidly to an akinetic mutism, followed by a period of agitation, delirium, and hallucinations. These gradually subsided; however, a frontal behavior and executive dysfunction persisted 5 months after symptom presentation. No tumor was found. Anti-NMDAR antibodies were found in the cerebrospinal fluid. CONCLUSIONS: Opsoclonus-myoclonus may occur in patients with anti-NMDAR encephalitis. Prompt diagnosis of this disorder is important because after tumor removal and immunomodulatory therapies it has a relatively good prognosis.
BACKGROUND: Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (anti-NMDAR) encephalitis has been recently reported as autoimmune/paraneoplastic encephalitis, affecting mostly young females. OBJECTIVE: To describe opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome in association with anti-NMDAR antibodies. DESIGN: Case report. SETTING: Geneva University Hospital. Patient A 23-year-old woman with opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome. RESULTS: Two weeks after an episode of gastroenteritis, the patient developed symptoms of depression associated with psychomotor slowing, progressive gait instability, and opsoclonus-myoclonus. Cerebrospinal fluid examination showed mild lymphocytic pleocytosis and intrathecal IgG synthesis with oligoclonal bands. The patient's condition worsened rapidly to an akinetic mutism, followed by a period of agitation, delirium, and hallucinations. These gradually subsided; however, a frontal behavior and executive dysfunction persisted 5 months after symptom presentation. No tumor was found. Anti-NMDAR antibodies were found in the cerebrospinal fluid. CONCLUSIONS:Opsoclonus-myoclonus may occur in patients with anti-NMDARencephalitis. Prompt diagnosis of this disorder is important because after tumor removal and immunomodulatory therapies it has a relatively good prognosis.
Authors: Luis Bataller; Myrna R Rosenfeld; Francesc Graus; Juan J Vilchez; Nai-Kong V Cheung; Josep Dalmau Journal: Ann Neurol Date: 2003-03 Impact factor: 10.422
Authors: Josep Dalmau; Amy J Gleichman; Ethan G Hughes; Jeffrey E Rossi; Xiaoyu Peng; Meizan Lai; Scott K Dessain; Myrna R Rosenfeld; Rita Balice-Gordon; David R Lynch Journal: Lancet Neurol Date: 2008-10-11 Impact factor: 44.182
Authors: Nicole R Florance; Rebecca L Davis; Christopher Lam; Christina Szperka; Lei Zhou; Saba Ahmad; Cynthia J Campen; Heather Moss; Nadja Peter; Amy J Gleichman; Carol A Glaser; David R Lynch; Myrna R Rosenfeld; Josep Dalmau Journal: Ann Neurol Date: 2009-07 Impact factor: 10.422