Platelet-rich plasma and 1,25(OH)2 vitamin D3 synergistically stimulate osteogenic differentiation of adult human mesenchymal stem cells.

Mesenchymal stem cell proliferation and differentiation are regulated by growth factors and systemic hormones in a concerted manner. We have examined the effects of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and its interaction with 1,25(OH)(2) vitamin D(3) [1,25(OH)(2)D(3)] on the differentiation and proliferation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). PRP stimulated cell proliferation in a manner inversely proportional to the dose. Exposure to PRP inhibited hMSC osteogenic differentiation. Co-treatment with PRP and 1,25(OH)(2)D(3), however, synergistically stimulated osteogenic differentiation. Serial co-treatment with PRP and 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) showed that this synergistic effect was due to the modulation of a 1,25(OH)(2)D(3)-induced differentiation by PRP rather than vice versa.