OBJECTIVE: Glatiramer acetate (formerly known as copolymer 1) is the major noninterferon immunomodulatory agent used in the treatment of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. Its mechanism of action over the past 40 years has evolved with our understanding of the immune response. METHODS: We review the various mechanisms that have been proposed for this random polymer over the years, with emphasis on recent methods that utilize modern immunologic techniques. RESULTS: Studies describing processes such as immune deviation and effects on regulatory T cells and antigen-presenting cells are presented. CONCLUSIONS: Effects of glatiramer acetate on the immune response have evolved as our technical abilities and knowledge of the immune response itself have developed.
OBJECTIVE:Glatiramer acetate (formerly known as copolymer 1) is the major noninterferon immunomodulatory agent used in the treatment of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. Its mechanism of action over the past 40 years has evolved with our understanding of the immune response. METHODS: We review the various mechanisms that have been proposed for this random polymer over the years, with emphasis on recent methods that utilize modern immunologic techniques. RESULTS: Studies describing processes such as immune deviation and effects on regulatory T cells and antigen-presenting cells are presented. CONCLUSIONS: Effects of glatiramer acetate on the immune response have evolved as our technical abilities and knowledge of the immune response itself have developed.
Authors: Martin Duddy; Aiden Haghikia; Eleonora Cocco; Christian Eggers; Jelena Drulovic; Olga Carmona; Helene Zéphir; Ralf Gold Journal: J Neurol Date: 2011-03-25 Impact factor: 4.849
Authors: Olaf Stüve; Bernd C Kieseier; Bernhard Hemmer; Hans-Peter Hartung; Amer Awad; Elliot M Frohman; Benjamin M Greenberg; Michael K Racke; Scott S Zamvil; J Theodore Phillips; Ralf Gold; Andrew Chan; Uwe Zettl; Ron Milo; Ellen Marder; Omar Khan; Todd N Eagar Journal: Arch Neurol Date: 2010-07-12