Fueling inflammation at tumor microenvironment: the role of multiligand/RAGE axis.

The receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE), firstly described in 1992, is a single-transmembrane and multiligand member of the immunoglobulin protein family. RAGE engagement produces activation of multiple intracellular signaling mechanisms involved in several inflammation-associated clinical entities, such as diabetes, cancer, renal and heart failures, as well as neurodegenerative diseases. Although RAGE expression has been extensively reported in many cancer types, it is now emerging as a relevant element that can continuously fuel an inflammatory milieu at the tumor microenvironment, thus changing our perception of its contribution to cancer biology. In this review, we will discuss the role of multiligand/RAGE axis, particularly at the multicellular cross talk established in the inflammatory tumor microenvironment. A better understanding of its contribution may provide new targets for tumor management and risk assessment.