Maintaining cell polarity through vegetative cell pattern dedifferentiation: cytoskeleton and morphogenesis in the hypotrich ciliate Sterkiella histriomuscorum.

The morphological differentiation of ciliates is achieved through the development of a submembraneous cytoskeleton in which the cilia are anchored. In most hypotrich ciliates, this cytoskeleton is mainly constructed of microtubules. In these species, cells pass through vegetative cell pattern dedifferentiated stages during their biological cycle. In order to investigate the behaviour of the cytoskeleton during these stages, we analysed the reorganization of the cytoskeleton during the sexual cycle of Sterkiella histriomuscorum by microscopy. Sterkiella exconjugants transiently dedifferentiate to form zygocysts devoid of ciliature and infraciliature. Immunofluorescence images obtained with antibodies directed against pericentrosomal material and tubulin showed that the cells resorb their ciliature and basal bodies, but retain their submembraneous microtubular cytoskeleton during the whole process and that the body plan is maintained through vegetative cell pattern dedifferentiation: the cell polarity remains printed on the cell surface by the microtubular cytoskeleton which in turn could mark the sites of basal body assembly during zygocyst morphogenesis. The results are discussed in terms of mechanisms of cell patterning. Copyright 2009 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.