BACKGROUND: ST2 has been proposed to be a regulator of inflammation and Th1/Th2 balance. ST2L is the IL-33 membrane receptor and belongs to the IL-1R family. The soluble variant, ST2s, is identical to the extracellular region of ST2L and competes for IL-33 binding, inhibiting receptor signaling. Although ST2s has been associated with inflammatory processes in patients with sepsis, trauma, asthma, and autoimmunity, until now there are no reported studies showing the role of ST2/IL-33 in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). METHODS: Expression of ST2 and IL-33 was determined in serum and colonic biopsies from IBD patients. ST2 transcript and protein was determined by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)/immunoblot, respectively, and IL-33 protein by ELISA. Intestinal mucosa localization of ST2 and IL-33 was conducted by immunofluorescence. RESULTS: ST2s transcript in the colonic mucosa was mainly expressed in UC patients rather than Crohn's disease or control; however, ST2L mRNA remained constant in all samples. Total ST2 protein was significantly higher in mucosa samples from patients with active UC, with a predominant induction of ST2s that strongly correlates with serum ST2 levels. Mucosa IL-33 levels were higher in UC patients and serum levels were barely detected in all patient groups. ST2 and IL-33 are both abundantly expressed in the cytoplasm of epithelial cells of control subjects; however, in ulcerative colitis patients ST2 decreases and IL-33 showed cytoplasm-nuclear redistribution. CONCLUSIONS: The novel association between the ST2/IL-33 system and IBD seems to identify that variations in this axis might regulate the inflammatory process in these diseases.
BACKGROUND:ST2 has been proposed to be a regulator of inflammation and Th1/Th2 balance. ST2L is the IL-33 membrane receptor and belongs to the IL-1R family. The soluble variant, ST2s, is identical to the extracellular region of ST2L and competes for IL-33 binding, inhibiting receptor signaling. Although ST2s has been associated with inflammatory processes in patients with sepsis, trauma, asthma, and autoimmunity, until now there are no reported studies showing the role of ST2/IL-33 in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). METHODS: Expression of ST2 and IL-33 was determined in serum and colonic biopsies from IBD patients. ST2 transcript and protein was determined by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)/immunoblot, respectively, and IL-33 protein by ELISA. Intestinal mucosa localization of ST2 and IL-33 was conducted by immunofluorescence. RESULTS: ST2s transcript in the colonic mucosa was mainly expressed in UC patients rather than Crohn's disease or control; however, ST2L mRNA remained constant in all samples. Total ST2 protein was significantly higher in mucosa samples from patients with active UC, with a predominant induction of ST2s that strongly correlates with serum ST2 levels. Mucosa IL-33 levels were higher in UC patients and serum levels were barely detected in all patient groups. ST2 and IL-33 are both abundantly expressed in the cytoplasm of epithelial cells of control subjects; however, in ulcerative colitispatientsST2 decreases and IL-33 showed cytoplasm-nuclear redistribution. CONCLUSIONS: The novel association between the ST2/IL-33 system and IBD seems to identify that variations in this axis might regulate the inflammatory process in these diseases.
Authors: Sneha M Pinto; Raja Sekhar Nirujogi; Pamela Leal Rojas; Arun H Patil; Srikanth S Manda; Yashwanth Subbannayya; Juan Carlos Roa; Aditi Chatterjee; T S Keshava Prasad; Akhilesh Pandey Journal: Proteomics Date: 2015-01 Impact factor: 3.984
Authors: Amanda Waddell; Jefferson E Vallance; Preston D Moore; Amy T Hummel; David Wu; Shiva K Shanmukhappa; Lin Fei; M Kay Washington; Phillip Minar; Lori A Coburn; Susumu Nakae; Keith T Wilson; Lee A Denson; Simon P Hogan; Michael J Rosen Journal: Inflamm Bowel Dis Date: 2015-12 Impact factor: 5.325
Authors: Jon Sponheim; Jürgen Pollheimer; Trine Olsen; Johanna Balogh; Clara Hammarström; Tamara Loos; Monika Kasprzycka; Dag Reidar Sørensen; Hogne Røed Nilsen; Axel M Küchler; Morten H Vatn; Guttorm Haraldsen Journal: Am J Pathol Date: 2010-10-29 Impact factor: 4.307
Authors: Carlo De Salvo; Xiao-Ming Wang; Luca Pastorelli; Benedetta Mattioli; Sara Omenetti; Kristine A Buela; Saleem Chowdhry; Rekha R Garg; Wendy A Goodman; Alex Rodriguez-Palacios; Dirk E Smith; Derek W Abbott; Fabio Cominelli; Giorgos Bamias; Wei Xin; James J Lee; Maurizio Vecchi; Theresa T Pizarro Journal: Am J Pathol Date: 2016-02-22 Impact factor: 4.307
Authors: Rebecca L Maywald; Stephanie K Doerner; Luca Pastorelli; Carlo De Salvo; Susan M Benton; Emily P Dawson; Denise G Lanza; Nathan A Berger; Sanford D Markowitz; Heinz-Josef Lenz; Joseph H Nadeau; Theresa T Pizarro; Jason D Heaney Journal: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A Date: 2015-04-27 Impact factor: 11.205