Temperature gradient focusing in miniaturized free-flow electrophoresis devices.

Temperature gradient focusing is a method to separate and focus any charged analytes even without accessible isoelectric point, and has been already widely used in CE. In this paper, we demonstrate the application of temperature gradient focusing to free-flow electrophoresis. Besides focusing and separation experiments of proteins, the stability of the temperature gradient under flow conditions and the temperature dependence of fluorescence dyes have also been investigated.