Psychological distress and sick leave in Swedish survivors of the 2004 tsunami: a comparison with a population sample.

Disaster studies of the effects of trauma exposure on subsequent psychological health have seldom used population comparisons. A total of 1463 tsunami survivors from Stockholm were categorized according to type of exposure, and compared on measures of General Health Questionnaire and sick leave, with a matched population-based sample of 12,045 individuals from the same region. Data from the survivor group were obtained through a postal questionnaire 14 months postdisaster. Data from the population sample were collected in the same year. In comparison to the population sample, levels of sick leave ranged from higher in multiply exposed groups to lower in the least exposed group. For psychological distress, levels in multiply and moderately exposed groups were higher, and in lower exposed groups comparable. The use of a population comparison resulted in a support of recent research showing a relative resiliency of survivors exposed during disaster to potential trauma of lesser severity.