Melittin induced voltage-dependent conductance in DOPC lipid bilayers.

Melittin-induced conductance was measured on planar bilayers made from dioleoylphosphatidylcholine. Upon application of a fixed voltage, the current response was monophasic and remained so even after prolonged observation times. The conductance of melittin-doped bilayers increased exponentially with voltage. In addition, an ohmic contribution appeared after some current had passed. The voltage-dependent conductance increased e-fold every 22 mV and was proportional to the fourth power of the aqueous monomeric peptide concentration, for all salt concentrations investigated (0.4-1.8 M NaCl). Discrete conductance steps could be resolved at all these salt concentrations. The amplitudes of these steps were highly variable. In each experiment, conductance was initially only observed for potentials which were positive on the side of peptide addition. As more and more current passed across the bilayer, the current-voltage curves became symmetric. The system needed some time to reach stationary current-voltage characteristics: about 50 min at pH 7 but only about 15 min at pH 8, suggesting involvement of the N-terminus (pK around 7.5) of melittin in the slow formation of a 'prepore'.