Basic sialendoscopy techniques.

When basic surgical principles are followed diagnostic salivary endoscopy is a relatively safe operative procedure. Therapeutic sialendoscopy uses such instrumentation as lasers, forceps, baskets, and balloons for endoductal fragmentation, retrieval, and dilatation. Based on experience acquired from more than 300 salivary endoscopy procedures and a review of the current literature, the most relevant operative techniques are presented.