Mites and lice: biology and control.

Dogs and cats frequently encounter a diverse variety of mite and lice species, which may result in mild to severe consequences depending on husbandry conditions, the severity of the infestation, and the nature of the localized or systemic defense mechanisms mobilized by the host in response to the parasite. Some of these external parasites are obvious to detect, identify, and control, although others may offer a significant challenge to the practitioner. Traditional acaricide and insecticide formulations, including dips, sprays, powders, and shampoos, have been used to treat and control these infestations. Some of the more recently developed, low-volume, topically applied insecticides and systemically acting macrolide formulations, although not always labeled for specific claims, may offer safe, efficacious, and convenient alternatives. The practitioner may wish to consider these products when implementing treatment and control programs involving these pests.