Multiple aggressive squamous cell carcinomas associated with prolonged voriconazole therapy in four immunocompromised patients.

Rare squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) cases associated with voriconazole therapy have been reported, but this risk may not receive enough consideration from clinicians. We describe four patients presenting with multiple SCC while receiving prolonged (two to three years) voriconazole therapy. Three patients had underwent lung transplantation. SCC were preceded by photosensitization lesions, and predominated in photoexposed area, particularly the face. Therapy associated surgery, chemotherapy in one case, and voriconazole discontinuation; replacement by posaconazole or itraconazole did not trigger other photosensitive lesions. Once voriconazole withdrawn, preneoplastic lesions regressed. In conclusion, prolonged voriconazole therapy may enhance the risk of photoinduced SCC in immunocompromised patients, and skin monitoring is mandatory.