The murine Spi-2 proteinase inhibitor locus: a multigene family with a hypervariable reactive site domain.

We have isolated 10 closely linked members of a proteinase inhibitor multigene family from the inbred mouse strain 129. These sequences, termed the Serine Proteinase Inhibitor 2 (Spi-2) genes, appear to have been derived from a common ancestor represented in man by the single copy alpha 1-antichymotrypsin gene. The genes are clustered on two cloned genomic DNA segments spanning 220 kb, and have at least partially retained the intragenic structure of the ancestral Spi-2 gene. Sequence analysis from the final coding exon indicates that most of the mouse genes may be competent to encode functional proteins, some with a predictable inhibitory spectrum, and several representing novel inhibitor types. An oligonucleotide probe designed to one reactive centre sequence enabled the isolation of the cognate expressed transcript from a liver cDNA library. However, whether expressed or not, the reactive centre regions of all the sequences have diverged at a rapid rate relative to structurally defined flanking sequences. The divergence is also appreciably greater than that occurring in an adjacent non-coding sequence. This phenomenon has established novel potential inhibitory specificities, while maintaining a functional inhibitor structure.