Medication-assisted treatment and HIV/AIDS: aspects in treating HIV-infected drug users.

Drug use and HIV/AIDS remain serious public health issues in the US. The intersection of the twin epidemics of HIV and drug/alcohol use, results in difficult medical management issues for the healthcare providers who work in the HIV prevention and treatment fields. Access to care and treatment, medication adherence to multiple therapeutic regimens and concomitant drug-drug interactions of prescribed treatments are difficult barriers for drug users to overcome without directed interventions. Injection drug users are frequently disenfranchised from medical care and suffer stigma and discrimination creating additional barriers to care and treatment for their substance use disorders as well as HIV infection. Controlling the transmission of HIV will require access to care and treatment of individuals who abuse illicit drugs and alcohol. Improving health outcomes (e.g. access to and adherence to antiretroviral therapy) among HIV-infected substance users will also require access to evidenced-based pharmacological therapies for the treatment of drug abuse and dependence. The current review presents an overview of issues regarding the use of medication-assisted treatments for substance abuse and dependence among HIV-infected individuals, providing medical management paradigms for their care and treatment.