OBJECTIVE: We investigated relations between deployment and new-onset depression among US service members recently deployed to the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan. METHODS: We included 40 219 Millennium Cohort Study participants who completed baseline and follow-up questionnaires and met inclusion criteria. Participants were identified with depression if they met the Primary Care Evaluation of Mental Disorders Patient Health Questionnaire criteria for depression at follow-up, but not at baseline. RESULTS: Deployed men and women with combat exposures had the highest onset of depression, followed by those not deployed and those deployed without combat exposures. Combat-deployed men and women were at increased risk for new-onset depression compared with nondeployed men and women (men: adjusted odds ratio [AOR]=1.32; 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.13, 1.54; women: AOR=2.13; 95% CI=1.70, 2.65). Conversely, deployment without combat exposures led to decreased risk for new-onset depression compared with those who did not deploy (men: AOR=0.66; 95% CI=0.53, 0.83; women: AOR=0.65; 95% CI=0.47, 0.89). CONCLUSIONS: Deployment with combat exposures is a risk factor for new-onset depression among US service members. Post-deployment screening may be beneficial for US service members exposed to combat.
OBJECTIVE: We investigated relations between deployment and new-onset depression among US service members recently deployed to the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan. METHODS: We included 40 219 Millennium Cohort Study participants who completed baseline and follow-up questionnaires and met inclusion criteria. Participants were identified with depression if they met the Primary Care Evaluation of Mental DisordersPatient Health Questionnaire criteria for depression at follow-up, but not at baseline. RESULTS: Deployed men and women with combat exposures had the highest onset of depression, followed by those not deployed and those deployed without combat exposures. Combat-deployed men and women were at increased risk for new-onset depression compared with nondeployed men and women (men: adjusted odds ratio [AOR]=1.32; 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.13, 1.54; women: AOR=2.13; 95% CI=1.70, 2.65). Conversely, deployment without combat exposures led to decreased risk for new-onset depression compared with those who did not deploy (men: AOR=0.66; 95% CI=0.53, 0.83; women: AOR=0.65; 95% CI=0.47, 0.89). CONCLUSIONS: Deployment with combat exposures is a risk factor for new-onset depression among US service members. Post-deployment screening may be beneficial for US service members exposed to combat.
Authors: Douglas Zatzick; Gregory J Jurkovich; Frederick P Rivara; Jin Wang; Ming-Yu Fan; Jutta Joesch; Ellen Mackenzie Journal: Ann Surg Date: 2008-09 Impact factor: 12.969
Authors: Ronald C Kessler; Patricia Berglund; Olga Demler; Robert Jin; Doreen Koretz; Kathleen R Merikangas; A John Rush; Ellen E Walters; Philip S Wang Journal: JAMA Date: 2003-06-18 Impact factor: 56.272
Authors: Tyler C Smith; Isabel G Jacobson; Besa Smith; Tomoko I Hooper; Margaret A K Ryan Journal: Int J Environ Health Res Date: 2007-08 Impact factor: 3.411
Authors: Robert J Ursano; Ronald C Kessler; Murray B Stein; James A Naifeh; Pablo A Aliaga; Carol S Fullerton; Nancy A Sampson; Tzu-Cheg Kao; Lisa J Colpe; Michael Schoenbaum; Kenneth L Cox; Steven G Heeringa Journal: JAMA Psychiatry Date: 2015-09 Impact factor: 21.596
Authors: David S Fink; Gregory H Cohen; Laura A Sampson; Robert K Gifford; Carol S Fullerton; Robert J Ursano; Sandro Galea Journal: Ann Epidemiol Date: 2016-02-04 Impact factor: 3.797
Authors: Mark A Zamorski; Rachel E Bennett; Corneliu Rusu; Murray Weeks; David Boulos; Bryan G Garber Journal: Can J Psychiatry Date: 2016-04 Impact factor: 4.356
Authors: Rachel A Hoopsick; D Lynn Homish; R Lorraine Collins; Thomas H Nochajski; Jennifer P Read; Gregory G Homish Journal: Psychol Serv Date: 2019-02-14