Atrial fibrillation in end-stage renal disease: an emerging problem.

End-stage renal disease is associated with considerable cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Atrial fibrillation (AF) is prevalent among dialysis patients and adversely affects the clinical outcome. Vazquez et al. report an increased prevalence and incidence of AF in patients who commence dialysis, and an independent association between arrhythmia and mortality risk. Moreover, they examined clinical and laboratory parameters associated with AF. This population study may fuel research aiming at the development of novel preventive and treatment strategies.