BACKGROUND: Estrogen and progesterone receptors are expressed in the anal canal. Fecal control deteriorates after menopause. This phenomenon is related to decreased circulating levels of estrogen and progesterone due to ovarian failure at menopause. AIM OF WORK: To study the effects of estrogen and progesterone on inflammatory cells, submucosal collagen fibers, and vascular plexus of the anal canal of postmenopausal women. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Experiments were performed on samples of anorectal tissue obtained from 40 women, 19 menstruating (group I), and 21 postmenopausal women (group II). Investigations included immunohistochemistry of estrogen and progesterone receptors and CD34. RESULTS: In negative estrogen receptors (ER) and progesterone receptors (PR), inflammatory cells, submucosal blood vessels, collagen type I were nonsignificantly changed in postmenopausal women relative to menstruating women (P > 0.05) whereas, in positive ER and PR, inflammatory cells and collagen I were significantly increased and submucosal blood vessels were significantly decreased in postmenopausal women relative to menstruating women (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Estrogen and progesterone, in menstruating women, produce beneficial effects by decreasing incidence of inflammation and increasing anal canal submucosal blood vessels number and collagen types I, thus both hormones have a positive effect on anal compliance and pressure.
BACKGROUND: Estrogen and progesterone receptors are expressed in the anal canal. Fecal control deteriorates after menopause. This phenomenon is related to decreased circulating levels of estrogen and progesterone due to ovarian failure at menopause. AIM OF WORK: To study the effects of estrogen and progesterone on inflammatory cells, submucosal collagen fibers, and vascular plexus of the anal canal of postmenopausal women. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Experiments were performed on samples of anorectal tissue obtained from 40 women, 19 menstruating (group I), and 21 postmenopausal women (group II). Investigations included immunohistochemistry of estrogen and progesterone receptors and CD34. RESULTS: In negative estrogen receptors (ER) and progesterone receptors (PR), inflammatory cells, submucosal blood vessels, collagen type I were nonsignificantly changed in postmenopausal women relative to menstruating women (P > 0.05) whereas, in positive ER and PR, inflammatory cells and collagen I were significantly increased and submucosal blood vessels were significantly decreased in postmenopausal women relative to menstruating women (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Estrogen and progesterone, in menstruating women, produce beneficial effects by decreasing incidence of inflammation and increasing anal canal submucosal blood vessels number and collagen types I, thus both hormones have a positive effect on anal compliance and pressure.
Authors: Jean F Wyman; Donna Z Bliss; Molly C Dougherty; Mikel Gray; Merrie Kaas; Diane K Newman; Mary H Palmer; Thelma J Wells Journal: Nurs Res Date: 2004 Nov-Dec Impact factor: 2.381
Authors: A Liapis; P Bakas; A Pafiti; M Frangos-Plemenos; N Arnoyannaki; G Creatsas Journal: Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol Date: 2001-07 Impact factor: 2.435