Development of a novel fouling suppression system in membrane bioreactors using an intermittent electric field.

A novel membrane bioreactor system that uses an intermittent electric field was successfully developed to suppress membrane fouling, caused mainly by activated sludge. We found that the surface of the activated sludge is negatively charged, and propose the utilization of an electric repulsive force to move the sludge away from the membrane by applying an electric field only when the permeate flux has drastically declined because of membrane fouling. The experimental results showed that a field of 6 V cm(-1), switched on and off every 90 s, significantly improved the removal of the activated sludge from the membrane and accordingly improved the average permeate flux. (c) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.