Comparison of thyroid transcription factor-1 expression by 2 monoclonal antibodies in pulmonary and nonpulmonary primary tumors.

Thyroid transcription factor-1 (TTF-1) is a transcription factor that plays a role in the development and physiology of the thyroid and lungs. Expression of TTF-1 is used as a marker of lung and thyroid clinically. Commercially available clones of TTF-1 monoclonal antibodies, 8G7G3/1 and SPT24, have been reported to have different sensitivities for the detection of neoplasms of different origins. Although they are used extensively in daily practice, a comprehensive comparative study of these antibodies in a wide variety of neoplasms is lacking. We examined TTF-1 expression in primary tumors of the lung, prostrate, pancreas, stomach, salivary glands, breast, bladder, colon, and squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck and compared the results obtained with both TTF-1 clones. The SPT24 clone detected more primary lung tumors of all histologic subtypes. Importantly, the SPT24 clone detected a significantly higher number of squamous cell carcinomas and carcinoid tumors of the lung. Among nonpulmonary primary tumors, a significant number of invasive urothelial carcinoma of the bladder (5.1%) was TTF-1 positive. In addition, a small proportion of prostate (1.2%), stomach (0.9%), salivary gland (1.8%), and colon (2.5%) carcinomas were positive with both clones. Of note, both clones stained the same nonpulmonary tumors with similar intensity and distribution. Carcinomas of the pancreas, breast, and squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck were negative with both clones. In summary, the SPT24 clone detected a higher number of pulmonary non-small cell tumors of all histologic subtypes whereas both clones stained a similar proportion of nonpulmonary tumors.