Hazard scenarios of truck drivers' occupational accidents on and around trucks during loading and unloading.

Recent epidemiological studies have shown that there is a clear need for efforts to prevent non-traffic occupational injuries among truck drivers. The objective of the present study was to establish the hazard scenarios for truck drivers during loading/unloading through analyses of text descriptions of accident processes. Focus was on accidents that were primarily related to movement/operation on and around the truck, which are particular to truck drivers. Special emphasis was placed on falls from heights, as this was shown to be the most frequent type of accident and a major cause of fractures among truck drivers. Analyses of text descriptions of 136 accidents, including 63 cases of fall from height, collected in one company over a period of three years, revealed that: (a) the major triggering factors for falls from heights on and around the truck were stepping off the edge at height (33.3%), wrong footing (27.0%), and loss of balance/control of wagon (15.9%); (b) the major triggering factors for accidents on and around the truck in general were slip/trip (44.1%) and defect/malfunction (14.7%). The present study identified four target areas for improving prevention of occupational accidents of truck drivers in connection with movement/operation on and around trucks during loading/unloading: (1) improvement of the procedures for unloading to reduce the risk of fall from the back-hatch lift, (2) improvements of shoes and housekeeping to reduce the risk of slip/trip, (3) improvement of truck maintenance, and (4) reconciliation of views on causes of accidents between employers and truck drivers as a first step for a dialogue for improving safety in the goods-transport branch.