Osteoporosis, osteonecrosis, and orthodontics.

Osteoporosis, whether senile, postmenopausal, or corticosteroid-induced, has been shown to affect orthodontic tooth movement and the periodontium. There have also been reports of osteonecrosis related to oral bisphosphonate therapy during treatment for osteoporotic bone diseases. This article summarizes the current knowledge of the relationship between osteoporosis and osteonecrosis and their effects on orthodontic tooth movements. The information will be important in orthodontic treatment planning and realization.