OBJECTIVE: To identify individual and social factors associated with pharmacy students' level of reflection in an advanced pharmacy practice experience (APPE). METHODS: A postal questionnaire, including a reflective assignment, was sent to all pharmacy interns (n=262) at Uppsala University, Sweden, for 4 semesters in 2005-2007. RESULTS: In a univariate analysis, 7 factors were found to be associated with students' level of reflection. After controlling for covariates, 3 social factors were found to be independently associated with reflection: having a formal preceptor (OR=5.3), being at a small pharmacy (OR=19.8), and students' perception of the importance of discussing critical thinking with the preceptor (OR=1.2). No correlation could be observed between level of reflection and critical thinking, nor learning style. CONCLUSION: Social components seem to be of higher importance than individual components in students' reflective levels after pharmacy internship experience. Trained preceptors are important to foster reflection skills.
OBJECTIVE: To identify individual and social factors associated with pharmacy students' level of reflection in an advanced pharmacy practice experience (APPE). METHODS: A postal questionnaire, including a reflective assignment, was sent to all pharmacy interns (n=262) at Uppsala University, Sweden, for 4 semesters in 2005-2007. RESULTS: In a univariate analysis, 7 factors were found to be associated with students' level of reflection. After controlling for covariates, 3 social factors were found to be independently associated with reflection: having a formal preceptor (OR=5.3), being at a small pharmacy (OR=19.8), and students' perception of the importance of discussing critical thinking with the preceptor (OR=1.2). No correlation could be observed between level of reflection and critical thinking, nor learning style. CONCLUSION: Social components seem to be of higher importance than individual components in students' reflective levels after pharmacy internship experience. Trained preceptors are important to foster reflection skills.
Authors: Cecilia M Plaza; Jolaine Reierson Draugalis; Marion K Slack; Grant H Skrepnek; Karen Ann Sauer Journal: Am J Pharm Educ Date: 2007-04-15 Impact factor: 2.047
Authors: Andy Wallman; Sofia Kälvemark Sporrong; Maria Gustavsson; Asa Kettis Lindblad; Markus Johansson; Lena Ring Journal: Am J Pharm Educ Date: 2011-12-15 Impact factor: 2.047
Authors: Cherie Tsingos-Lucas; Sinthia Bosnic-Anticevich; Carl R Schneider; Lorraine Smith Journal: Am J Pharm Educ Date: 2016-05-25 Impact factor: 2.047