The role of inflammation in atrial fibrillation: a myth or a fact?

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common sustained rhythm disturbance resulting in substantial morbidity and mortality as well as increased medical costs in general population. The possible association between AF and inflammation is suggested by several studies that are based on the identification of inflammatory serum biomarkers that are elevated in patients with AF. In this population, the successfulness of maintenance of sinus rhythm after cardioversion and the risk of cardioembolic stroke are related to the inflammatory burden. Furthermore, the positive effect of the antiinflammatory agents on the prevention and modulation of AF further supports this hypothesis.