Emerging developments in tissue engineering and cell technology.

Tissue engineering is moving rapidly from potential to accepted medical practice. Use of human diploid fibroblast cells to form three-dimensional dermal replacement tissue is described. The cell source of these products is fully tested and the products may be frozen and stored prior to use. A summary of pilot clinical trials for Dermagraft()-Transitional Covering and Dermagraft()-Ulcer show the feasibility of this approach. A development program for cartilage tissue has resulted in both reconstructive and orthopedic applications that have been demonstrated in preclinical animal studies. Cardiovascular applications to prosthetic biological heart valve constructs are also discussed.