How do ER export motifs work on ion channel trafficking?

The function of cells is strongly affected by the type and number of ion channels in the plasma membrane. Recent investigations have highlighted the complexity of the regulation of ion channel trafficking and uncovered several trafficking determinants including diacidic ER export motifs that influence surface expression of ion channels. The large number of ion channels for which functional diacidic motifs have already been identified underlines their general importance and has led to increasing research into the molecular function of these motifs. This review will summarize recent progress in identifying the molecular basis for recognition of ER export signals and the physiological relevance of regulated ER export of ion channels and its role in targeting of channel subunits.