Neuroendovascular management of tumors and vascular malformations of the head and neck.

Endovascular procedures are rapidly expanding as treatment options for cerebrovascular diseases and neoplasms of the head and neck and are becoming less invasive but more effective. There are potentially dangerous anastomoses between the extracranial and intracranial circulations; hence, thorough knowledge of the anatomy is essential to minimize the risk of cranial nerve palsies, blindness, or neurologic deficits. It is essential to understand the scientific basis of treatment rationale based on advancing new neuroimaging techniques to better serve patients. An interdisciplinary approach and treatment in high-volume centers are vital to obtain maximal benefit for patients.