Bronchiolitis obliterans following hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: a clinical update.

Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is an established treatment for a variety of malignant and non-malignant conditions. Pulmonary complications, infectious and non-infectious, are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in these patients. The recent advances in prophylaxis and treatment of infectious complications increased the significance of late non-infectious pulmonary conditions. Currently, bronchiolitis obliterans is one of the most challenging pulmonary complications facing clinicians who are taking care of HSCT recipients. This report provides a clinical update of the incidence, risk factors, pathogenesis, clinical characteristics, and management of bronchiolitis obliterans following HSCT.