BACKGROUND: Certain conditions are established as risk factors for community-acquired pneumonia. There are a number of other conditions that may also be risk factors, but information on these is limited. AIM: To determine new independent risk factors for community-acquired pneumonia using a very large primary care database. DESIGN OF STUDY: Nested case-control study. SETTING: Four hundred and forty-three general practices in the UK contributing to the QRESEARCH database. METHOD: A total of 17 172 incident cases of all ages diagnosed with pneumonia between 1996 and 2005 were matched with up to five controls by age, sex, general practice, and calendar year. Associations between pneumonia and each established condition and potential risk factors were determined with odds ratios (ORs), using multiple conditional logistic regression analysis adjusted for smoking, socioeconomic status, and use of influenza and pneumococcal vaccines. RESULTS: The analysis confirmed the higher risk of pneumonia among patients with at least one of the established risk factors; the adjusted OR was 2.29 (95% confidence interval [CI]=2.20 to 2.39). In addition, patients with the following conditions had a higher risk of pneumonia despite adjustment for known risk factors and confounders: stroke or transient ischaemic attack, rheumatoid arthritis, Parkinson's disease, cancers, multiple sclerosis, dementia, and osteoporosis. The adjusted OR for pneumonia among patients without an established risk factor but with at least one of the new conditions was 2.44 (95% CI=2.24 to 2.65). CONCLUSION: As well as confirming some established risk factors, this study has determined seven new independent risk factors for community-acquired pneumonia.
BACKGROUND: Certain conditions are established as risk factors for community-acquired pneumonia. There are a number of other conditions that may also be risk factors, but information on these is limited. AIM: To determine new independent risk factors for community-acquired pneumonia using a very large primary care database. DESIGN OF STUDY: Nested case-control study. SETTING: Four hundred and forty-three general practices in the UK contributing to the QRESEARCH database. METHOD: A total of 17 172 incident cases of all ages diagnosed with pneumonia between 1996 and 2005 were matched with up to five controls by age, sex, general practice, and calendar year. Associations between pneumonia and each established condition and potential risk factors were determined with odds ratios (ORs), using multiple conditional logistic regression analysis adjusted for smoking, socioeconomic status, and use of influenza and pneumococcal vaccines. RESULTS: The analysis confirmed the higher risk of pneumonia among patients with at least one of the established risk factors; the adjusted OR was 2.29 (95% confidence interval [CI]=2.20 to 2.39). In addition, patients with the following conditions had a higher risk of pneumonia despite adjustment for known risk factors and confounders: stroke or transient ischaemic attack, rheumatoid arthritis, Parkinson's disease, cancers, multiple sclerosis, dementia, and osteoporosis. The adjusted OR for pneumonia among patients without an established risk factor but with at least one of the new conditions was 2.44 (95% CI=2.24 to 2.65). CONCLUSION: As well as confirming some established risk factors, this study has determined seven new independent risk factors for community-acquired pneumonia.
Authors: C Jokinen; L Heiskanen; H Juvonen; S Kallinen; K Karkola; M Korppi; S Kurki; P R Rönnberg; A Seppä; S Soimakallio Journal: Am J Epidemiol Date: 1993-05-01 Impact factor: 4.897
Authors: Amy S Feldman; Yuan He; Martin L Moore; Marc B Hershenson; Tina V Hartert Journal: Am J Respir Crit Care Med Date: 2015-01-01 Impact factor: 21.405
Authors: Jeffrey C Munson; Peter M Wahl; Gregory Daniel; Stephen E Kimmel; Sean Hennessy Journal: Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf Date: 2012-01-25 Impact factor: 2.890
Authors: Engi F Attia; Kathleen A McGinnis; Laura C Feemster; Kathleen M Akgün; Adeel A Butt; Christopher J Graber; Michael J Fine; Matthew B Goetz; Maria C Rodriguez-Barradas; Margaret A Pisani; Hilary A Tindle; Sheldon T Brown; Guy W Soo Hoo; David Rimland; Cynthia L Gibert; Laurence Huang; Matthew S Freiberg; Catherine L Hough; Kristina Crothers Journal: J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Date: 2015-11-01 Impact factor: 3.731
Authors: D Koulenti; S Blot; J M Dulhunty; L Papazian; I Martin-Loeches; G Dimopoulos; C Brun-Buisson; M Nauwynck; C Putensen; J Sole-Violan; A Armaganidis; J Rello Journal: Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis Date: 2015-09-25 Impact factor: 3.267