Echocardiography in percutaneous valve therapy.

Echocardiography has played a critical role in valve reconstructive surgery and more recently in developments in percutaneous techniques for mitral valve repair and aortic valve implantation. A combination of transthoracic echocardiography and transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) provide diagnostic and screening data pre-procedure, intraprocedural guidance, and assessment of valve function and left ventricular reverse remodeling post-percutaneous valve procedures. The role of intracardiac echocardiography and live 3-dimensional TEE in percutaneous valve interventions is evolving. This review summarizes the role of echocardiography during percutaneous device-based valve procedures.